Mark Henderson, Science Editor
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Western do-gooders are impoverishing Africa by promoting traditional farming at the expense of modern scientific agriculture, according to Britain's former chief scientist.
Anti-science attitudes among aid agencies, poverty campaigners and green activists are denying the continent access to technology that could improve millions of lives, Professor Sir David King will say today.
Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) from Europe and America are turning African countries against sophisticated farming methods, including GM crops, in favour of indigenous and organic approaches that cannot deliver the continent's much needed “green revolution”, he believes.
Speaking before a keynote lecture tonight to the British Association for the Advancement of Science, of which he is president, Sir David said that the slow pace of African development was linked directly to Western influence. “I'm going to suggest, and I believe this very strongly, that a big part has been played in the impoverishment of that continent by the focus on nontechnological agricultural techniques, on techniques of farming that pertain to the history of that continent rather than techniques that pertain to modern technological capability. Why has that continent not joined Asia in the big green revolutions that have taken place over the past few decades? The suffering within that continent, I believe, is largely driven by attitudes developed in the West which are somewhat anti-science, anti-technology - attitudes that lead towards organic farming, for example, attitudes that lead against the use of genetic technology for crops that could deal with increased salinity in the water, that can deal with flooding for rice crops, that can deal with drought resistance.”
Sir David, who stepped down in December as the Government's Chief Scientific Adviser, will use his presidential address to the BA Festival of Science in Liverpool to accuse governments and NGOs of confused thinking about African development.
“Solutions will only emerge if full use is made of modern agricultural technology methods, under progressive, scientifically informed regulation,” he will say. “The most advanced form of plant breeding, using modern genetic techniques, is now available to us. Plant breeding needs to meet a range of demands, including defences against evolving plant diseases, drought resistance, saline resistance, and flood tolerance. The problem is that the Western-world move toward organic farming - a lifestyle choice for a community with surplus food - and against agricultural technology in general and GM in particular, has been adopted across Africa, with the exception of South Africa, with devastating consequences.”
His remarks will place him in direct opposition to former Whitehall colleagues. The Government endorsed recently the International Assessement of Agricultural Science and Technology, a report from 400 scientists and development experts published in April, which championed small-scale farming and traditional knowledge. The exercise was led by Professor Bob Watson, the chief scientist at the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. Sir David said that its findings were short-sighted. “I hesitate to criticise Bob Watson, who I admire enormously, but I think that we have been overwhelmed by attitudes to Africa that for some reason are qualitatively different to attitudes elsewhere.
“We have the technology to feed the population of the planet. The question is do we have the ability to understand that we have it, and to deliver?” Sir David, who was born and brought up in South Africa, added: “I think there is a tremendous groundswell of feeling that we need to support tradition in Africa. What that actually means in practice is if you go to a marketplace in a lovely town like Livingstone in Zambia, near Victoria Falls, you will see hundreds of people with little piles of their crops for sale.
“This is an extremely inefficient process. The sort of thing we're seeing existed in this country hundreds of years ago. I don't believe that will lead to the economic development of Africa.”
He will cite the example of rice that can resist flooding, which has been developed by the International Rice Research Institute in the Philippines. Its development has been held up for several years because scientists felt they could not use GM techniques, such is the scale of Western-influenced opposition to the technology.
He will also accuse green groups such as the UN Environment Programme of agitating against new technologies on the basis of speculative risks, while ignoring potential benefits.
“For example, Friends of the Earth in 1999 worried that drought-tolerant crops may have the potential to grow in habitats unavailable' to conventional crops. The priority of providing food to an area of the world in greatest need appears to not have been noted.For decades, approaches to international development have been dominated by this well-meaning but fatally flawed doctrine.”
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Anyone who wishes to deny any impoverished or underdeveloped nation the right to improve itself is selfish! We cannot improve our future without first improving our present. What works for some doesn't apply to all. Everyone opposing this should try to expand their minds a bit.
Justin, London, Canada
Maybe GM is a partial answer but as E.Sharp says ownership of the technology is problematic. Plus, how do the poor afford the energy for hi-tech farming? Community agriculture, with local solutions, can sustain the world. Sir Dave' s ways will only sustain the technocrats.
Neil Martyn, Swindon,
How do the anti-greenies propose to make farming in Africa sustainable? I see nothing in this article about that. Just introduce techno farming and all will be well? The lack of thought (replaced with blaming someone else) belies the underlying feeling here--you really don't care about Africa.
jen, durham, usa
Ideas of progress and development should be seriously discussed. Such things like like the green revolution or the development panacea is what make rivers burn in taiwan, unbreathable air in china, diyng amazon here in Brazil, etc.
In africa, imperialism is trying to be fixed with imperialist ideas
Lucas Schuster de Souza, Porto Alegre, Brasil
we grow organic rice. We use hybrids that have high yield that are devoloped locally, and use hand plows and threshers and driers to make the work easier. Irrigation allows us to get two crops a year.
But our yields are not as good as those using less traditional methods. Why not encourage both?
Tioedong, Gapan City , Philippines
The worst thing about this is that the organic and 'traditional" farming movements are largely about aesthetics. So the Africans get to starve in a way that is aesthetically pleasing to Western tastes. Quaint local markets with traditional villiagers and their piles of hand pick produce.
Theresa, Tucson, USA
I'm afraid I don't share any of your values whatsoever. Human population growth can be exponential. Without starvation, war and disease the universe would soon be rapidly filled with human flesh.
keith, wigan, uk
If industry really wanted to help Africa it would have done so decades ago.
All it wants is to profit from its GM and pesticide sales , some of which are already banned in Europe.
GM crops have already been shown to have a lower yield than conventional crops. Natural is the way
www.gmwatch.org
Sue, London,
King is right. The world is entitled to enjoy the benefits of technological and scientific progress. Instead, from our cities with clean water, ample food and power, hospitals and supermarkets, cars and computers, we impose perpetual precarious subsistence on bushmen, eskimos and jungle dwellers.
Dick Atkinson, South Shields, UK
The baleful influence of Spiked online is at work here.
Louis, London,
Dear Lindy, Rhayader, Wales
<br/>
<br/>Stay in a village in southern Africa (say, Zimbabwe or Malawi) for a few days, see how poor people and their soils are, and it might change your mind about their having access to a little fertilizer.
Mike Listman, Rexcoco, Mexico
The "green" revolution merely served to cause worse population overshoot. Should Africa adopt a more or less sustainable approach at this juncture? I expect more people will ultimately starve if the unsustainable approach is taken.
Pete, Seattle, USA
well you know one thing you can do is leave africans alone and let them make up their own minds as to how they want to run their lives and businesses, instead of forcing them to live in your own "progressive" dreams of the year 3000. that certainly isn't any better than keeping them in the 1600s.
jon, cape cod, ma, us
Do the wealth sodden Arab nations care about anything or anyone--- Do they have opinions on Climate change and poverty-- DO THEY CARE?
Maggie S, wareham, UK
I see where David King is coming from - low and intermediate tech are being pushed at the expense of GM and high tech. But there are 2 sides to this. If GM is pushed, then farmers will be forced to buy seeds where previously they have saved them. Fertilizers have economic and environmental downsides
Lindy, Rhayader, Wales
The "greenies" like to use science like a bludgeon when it's in their favor, and reject it as unnatural when it's not. They place their "Ideals" before humanity, and hope to take us all back to "hunter - gatherer" days.
Jame Morrison, LA, US
Sir David King is right. It is Western liberalism that has destroyed African nations for decades. Do you see any of them running to African nations wanting to promote modern technological agriculture techniques. Traditional faming methods don't feed starving African children.
Umah, Atlanta, USA
The reality of the "progressive" agenda: Keep the 3rd World poor and dependant, like it's supposed to be.
Can you imagine a world where Africa was self-sufficient, or worse, even affluent? Thousands of NGO-crats having to find real jobs. They can't risk that happening.
John, Atlanta, GA, USA
We are living in a post scientific era. People spend billions on alternative therapies that are known not to work. They ascribe nonsensical benefits to organic farming - and even if these benefits were true they are undone by the fact you need more land due to lower yields. Science is dead.
len, oxford,
So biofuels arent to blame for pushing up world food prices and causing famine? Trade restrictions on African farmers. Billions of dollars in subsidies paid to US Farmers to create further poverty in developing countries? Must be the green activists then
David, London, UK
Do any of you actually know the mechanics of genetic modification?
Anti-biotic resistance is used as the marker in EVERY case of genetic modification.
Read that again & think, think about evolution and the minute changes to occur over generations & if you want anti-biotic resistance in the mix
Garth, Australia,
Lynn: The writer from Scarsdale is correct about buying new seeds every year (especially for corn): Monsanto (90% of the GM corn seed market) is very aggressive against farmers and mills who infringe on their lawful patents.
Dan Schwartz, Sayreville, NJ, US of A
Sorry, but regardless of how good the intentions are, traditional farming methods will not feed a starving continent. And when the West has to spend billions of dollars buying and shipping emergency food shipments to Africa, we all suffer - from additional pollution and higher prices.
Terry, Chicago, USA
The gentleman from Scarsdale is a prime example of Sir David's argument. NO FARMER in the modern Western world, using GM or not, plants seed from his last year's crop. He buys fresh seeds with known yield characteristics. Why? Look it up in a book on farming. Ignorant romanticism kills.
LT
Lynn Turk, Mission Viejo, CA
For the 'West' in this article read the EU. It is here that the ranting anti-GM lobby has been most powerful, and it is EU influence in Africa that has held back GM use there.
Michael Longridge, there is of course NO scientific evidence against GM. I agree, funding for the seed should be aided.
Stephen Fox, Oxford, UK
At last, someone speaks truth to Green power. Too long has the Green monolith ground out all opposition to its unscientific Ludditeism. To salve your privileged western conscience by paying over the odds for useless "organic" produce is one thing, to impoverish Africa further is criminal.
Stephen, London,
What's wrong with subsistance farming? What's wrong is that with rising temperatures subsistance farming in Africa will be impossible in a few years. Sir David is right, because he realises that adaptation to climate change is every bit as important as mitigation. GM technology can feed millions.
Aaron, London, UK
This is an interesting, but incredibly biased story. There is no mention that "modern agricultural technology methods", including pesticides and fertilizers that depend on the petroleum industry, and GM crops that need to be purchased every year, are expensive. US farmers are in debt to big business
Megan , Southampton, UK
When the GM products are offered for free, and have been found to be truly safe (not safe according to the study bought by the GM co.s), then I'd recommend it, too.
What's wrong with subsistence farming, that allows Africans to DIRECTLY benefit from their effort? It's a basis on which to build.
Dan, Portland, United States
Sir David King is a staunch lobbyist for the GM industry. What else is he going to say ? He is no longer in government for this reason and it is shocking that he can twist scientific evidence for multinational propaganda. Big Oil and big GM are destroying the planet while puppets like King applaud.
Michael Longridge, Oxford, UK
This is what the radical environmentalists wish on us all. They are also against any form of energy for one reason or another. Sooner or later they will be recognized for what they are -Luddites.
Kevin Finnerty, Atlanta, USA
Genetically modified crops are generally patented, which means that farmers are bound to purchase the seeds for planting each year, rather than use seeds from the previous crop. This often leads to insurmountable debts for farmers, increasing with each passing year
E. Sharp, Scarsdale, NY
It is parallel and contemporaneous with the "greenie" Western-influenced objection to DDT. Before Rachel Carson's "Silent Spring" which lamented DDT's effects on nascent bird shells, worldwide mortality from malaria was about 200,000. With Western opposition, fatalities are now approx. 2,000,000
Stanley Austin,M.D., Anchorage, U.S.A.